Abstract
This paper, based on an invited lecture given at MIT in March 1980, discusses the little-known work of Percy E. Ludgate (1883-1922), Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (1852-1936), and Vannevar Bush (1890-1974). These three inventors, who apparently were unaware of one another's existence, were all directly influenced by knowledge of Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, and each played a significant role in the history of the development of program-controlled computers.
From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres and Bush
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp 327-341
IEEE Computer Society, 1982 ISSN 1058-6180
[Abstract]